inference/research
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US EIA Electric Power Annual Table 2.4 - Average Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector (Cents per kWh)

database

Fields

id
sources/pd-eia-epa-table-2-4
Publisher
US Energy Information Administration
Kind
database
Published
2025-10-16
Accessed
2026-10-04
notes
WHY THIS SOURCE EXISTS: it is the INDEPENDENT CONFIRMATION of a derived number in this repo. The supply record us-electricity-industrial-tariff-2024 originally computed its 8.13 cents/kWh industrial figure as revenue (EPA Table 2.3) divided by volume (EPA Table 2.2) rather than quoting a rate card. That arithmetic was re-checked against this table on 2026-10-04 and Table 2.4 PUBLISHES the same 8.13 directly - so the derivation is confirmed by the agency rather than merely self-consistent. Total Electric Industry row, cents per kWh, column order Residential / Commercial / Industrial / Transportation / Total: 2019 13.01 / 10.68 / 6.81 / 9.66 / 10.54; 2020 13.15 / 10.59 / 6.67 / 9.90 / 10.59; 2021 13.66 / 11.22 / 7.18 / 10.20 / 11.10; 2022 15.04 / 12.41 / 8.32 / 11.59 / 12.36; 2023 16.00 / 12.59 / 8.04 / 12.77 / 12.68; 2024 16.48 / 12.75 / 8.13 / 12.75 / 12.94. Every figure the earlier derivation produced is reproduced here verbatim. PROVIDER-TYPE DETAIL, the part that matters most for a data-centre buyer: for 2024 the Total Electric Industry industrial average of 8.13 is a blend across Full-Service Providers (industrial 7.74), Competitive Service Providers (9.84), Energy-Only Providers (6.74) and Delivery-Only Providers (3.10). A large industrial load buying bundled energy AND delivery should read the Full-Service or Competitive rows, NOT the blended total - the honest spread on the same year and sector is 6.74 to 9.84 cents/kWh depending on what the customer actually buys, which is a ~46% swing that the blended 8.13 hides. Also note 'Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.' Data covers calendar years through 2024; the release carrying data for 2025 is due October 2026, i.e. after this record was written. Companion series source: pd-eia-epm-table-5-3.

Notes

WHY THIS SOURCE EXISTS: it is the INDEPENDENT CONFIRMATION of a derived number in this repo. The supply record us-electricity-industrial-tariff-2024 originally computed its 8.13 cents/kWh industrial figure as revenue (EPA Table 2.3) divided by volume (EPA Table 2.2) rather than quoting a rate card. That arithmetic was re-checked against this table on 2026-10-04 and Table 2.4 PUBLISHES the same 8.13 directly - so the derivation is confirmed by the agency rather than merely self-consistent. Total Electric Industry row, cents per kWh, column order Residential / Commercial / Industrial / Transportation / Total: 2019 13.01 / 10.68 / 6.81 / 9.66 / 10.54; 2020 13.15 / 10.59 / 6.67 / 9.90 / 10.59; 2021 13.66 / 11.22 / 7.18 / 10.20 / 11.10; 2022 15.04 / 12.41 / 8.32 / 11.59 / 12.36; 2023 16.00 / 12.59 / 8.04 / 12.77 / 12.68; 2024 16.48 / 12.75 / 8.13 / 12.75 / 12.94. Every figure the earlier derivation produced is reproduced here verbatim. PROVIDER-TYPE DETAIL, the part that matters most for a data-centre buyer: for 2024 the Total Electric Industry industrial average of 8.13 is a blend across Full-Service Providers (industrial 7.74), Competitive Service Providers (9.84), Energy-Only Providers (6.74) and Delivery-Only Providers (3.10). A large industrial load buying bundled energy AND delivery should read the Full-Service or Competitive rows, NOT the blended total - the honest spread on the same year and sector is 6.74 to 9.84 cents/kWh depending on what the customer actually buys, which is a ~46% swing that the blended 8.13 hides. Also note 'Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.' Data covers calendar years through 2024; the release carrying data for 2025 is due October 2026, i.e. after this record was written. Companion series source: pd-eia-epm-table-5-3.

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